North Borneo Leased : The Secret Beyond North Borneo Agreement On Need Understand.
(The Truthful fact from The Book "Tausug and The Sulu Sultanate" written
by Asreemoro and translated by Prof.Nelson Dino of Sulu)
(The Truthful fact from The Book "Tausug and The Sulu Sultanate" written
by Asreemoro and translated by Prof.Nelson Dino of Sulu)
Sultanate of Sulu during the era of the reign of Sultan Jamalul A'zam @ Ahlam well-recognized sovereignty over the territory of his reign in the Sulu and North Borneo. Sultan Jamalul A’zam lease compulsion British North Borneo Company was due to the Sultan with his army consisting of the warriors of Sulu (Tausug, Bajao, Yakan, etc.) are busy fighting the Spanish who invaded Sulu and suffered defeat after defeat so that the Sultan himself retreated to Borneo and this is where he persuaded the company to deliver British North Borneo was to run ..
Before we talk more about the topics above, let us examine the state of the Sultanate of Sulu, when the government first. Without knowing it is feared that easy for us to accuse "Kiram Family" as a vendor or chargor of Sulu and North Borneo. Shifted to Kiram just seems not fair, because it should be considered a collective environment and factors affecting the lease. Wrong and wrong is done by our predecessors should be seen or referred to the history of where it started so we can fix it, at least be able to learn ..
Provocation Spain
Before we talk more about the topics above, let us examine the state of the Sultanate of Sulu, when the government first. Without knowing it is feared that easy for us to accuse "Kiram Family" as a vendor or chargor of Sulu and North Borneo. Shifted to Kiram just seems not fair, because it should be considered a collective environment and factors affecting the lease. Wrong and wrong is done by our predecessors should be seen or referred to the history of where it started so we can fix it, at least be able to learn ..
Provocation Spain
Spanish war against the Government of Sulu around 1867 is among the series before losing their last war in the hands of the U.S. military. The question is why the Spanish launched an attack on a large scale this time around?.
In fact the major factor that triggered the war by Spain on Sulu is due to close relations with the Government of Sulu British and German officials and trade cooperation with the two European powers. This caused the Spanish to feel the position of trade agreements or the dominance of the Government of Sulu would be affected or taken at any time by the two powers (Germany and Britain), why should something be done to defeat the invasion by the Government of the Sultanate of Sulu in full for the Sultan of Sulu and the people who comprise the datus of a stubborn will not enter into agreements with other authorities of any other foreign power. Spain has long been worries began when Sir John Hunt of a British Agent about 1814 came to Sulu and friends have come to the Sulu Royal Datu. In fact, as reported by the historical marker that since the time of Sultan Bantilan Muezuddin (Maharaja Adinda) the British officials have begun to make friends with the Sultans of Sulu was probably not even officially ..
Prof. Cesar explains:
"... In 1873 when two German merchant ships, The Gazelle and Maria Louisa was surrounded in the waters of Sulu and its cargo were seized. Not long after, was a German brig, Minna, was also captured by the Spanish navy."
These provocative actions committed by the Spanish beginning to arouse the anger of those Sulu. Germany and Britain argue over the Spanish action as the act as the Spain has actually had the Sulu. But on 7 November 1873, A.H. Layard, the British minister in Madrid had written to the Spanish government.
"It is my duty to communicate to the Spanish government that the government's Majesty (the Queen of England) has the right to dispute the allegations against the Spanish sovereignty in the Sulu Archipelago that was never recognized by them (the people of Sulu).
Restrictions by Spain on the trade routes in the waters of Sulu cause suffering among the people of Sulu, particularly the traders. Sulu boats that refuse to be examined will be shot and killed by the Spanish and this infuriated the Sultan of Sulu and the datus, mostly merchants ..
"... Not far from the coast of Jolo Sulu, a boat carrying eight people including a woman, was ordered stopped by Spanish warships, Valiente. When the boat Sulu refused to do so, the boat was hunted down and shot three people resulting in Sulu in the boat was killed. The Spanish then demanded that the Sultan of Sulu to submit five who had escaped. Sultan refused to surrender them to arguing that not only the five that did not make any mistakes, but they are actually residents in rural areas and therefore very difficult to catch, or persuade them to meet the demands of the Spanish. "[3].
Spain waited five people Sulu comes out and they are not showing as is so full of anger and arrogance Spanish release 100 cannon shots of warships to the Jolo ..
"After several days, ships of war had come again and send the Spanish flag with the claim that the sultan flying it in the state capital. Sultan then ordered that the Spanish flag was burned in front of people."
Spanish flag handed actions of the Sultan of Sulu was actually driven to an act of provocation because the Spanish knew the sultan himself who was angry that (because of the Spanish measures to prevent trade) will increase anger. Since then, the Spanish began to create chaos by firing guns indiscriminately and bully the people of Sulu. A lot of innocent civilians were killed. Then on August 2, 1873 Admiral of Spain, Juan y Bobadilla Anteguera declared.
"... All the ships in the Sulu Archipelago browsed by Muslims to be destroyed and its crew and passengers were sent as laborers to perform public works in the northern Philippines. If the ship is well armed as the crew will be as a pirate and can be brought to court-martial. Furthermore, all vessels owned by Muslims, although not directly controlled by the Muslims will be destroyed by Spanish warships. The Sulu has no other choice than to defend themselves. "
But the Spanish war with the people of Sulu was broke.
In fact the major factor that triggered the war by Spain on Sulu is due to close relations with the Government of Sulu British and German officials and trade cooperation with the two European powers. This caused the Spanish to feel the position of trade agreements or the dominance of the Government of Sulu would be affected or taken at any time by the two powers (Germany and Britain), why should something be done to defeat the invasion by the Government of the Sultanate of Sulu in full for the Sultan of Sulu and the people who comprise the datus of a stubborn will not enter into agreements with other authorities of any other foreign power. Spain has long been worries began when Sir John Hunt of a British Agent about 1814 came to Sulu and friends have come to the Sulu Royal Datu. In fact, as reported by the historical marker that since the time of Sultan Bantilan Muezuddin (Maharaja Adinda) the British officials have begun to make friends with the Sultans of Sulu was probably not even officially ..
Prof. Cesar explains:
"... In 1873 when two German merchant ships, The Gazelle and Maria Louisa was surrounded in the waters of Sulu and its cargo were seized. Not long after, was a German brig, Minna, was also captured by the Spanish navy."
These provocative actions committed by the Spanish beginning to arouse the anger of those Sulu. Germany and Britain argue over the Spanish action as the act as the Spain has actually had the Sulu. But on 7 November 1873, A.H. Layard, the British minister in Madrid had written to the Spanish government.
"It is my duty to communicate to the Spanish government that the government's Majesty (the Queen of England) has the right to dispute the allegations against the Spanish sovereignty in the Sulu Archipelago that was never recognized by them (the people of Sulu).
Restrictions by Spain on the trade routes in the waters of Sulu cause suffering among the people of Sulu, particularly the traders. Sulu boats that refuse to be examined will be shot and killed by the Spanish and this infuriated the Sultan of Sulu and the datus, mostly merchants ..
"... Not far from the coast of Jolo Sulu, a boat carrying eight people including a woman, was ordered stopped by Spanish warships, Valiente. When the boat Sulu refused to do so, the boat was hunted down and shot three people resulting in Sulu in the boat was killed. The Spanish then demanded that the Sultan of Sulu to submit five who had escaped. Sultan refused to surrender them to arguing that not only the five that did not make any mistakes, but they are actually residents in rural areas and therefore very difficult to catch, or persuade them to meet the demands of the Spanish. "[3].
Spain waited five people Sulu comes out and they are not showing as is so full of anger and arrogance Spanish release 100 cannon shots of warships to the Jolo ..
"After several days, ships of war had come again and send the Spanish flag with the claim that the sultan flying it in the state capital. Sultan then ordered that the Spanish flag was burned in front of people."
Spanish flag handed actions of the Sultan of Sulu was actually driven to an act of provocation because the Spanish knew the sultan himself who was angry that (because of the Spanish measures to prevent trade) will increase anger. Since then, the Spanish began to create chaos by firing guns indiscriminately and bully the people of Sulu. A lot of innocent civilians were killed. Then on August 2, 1873 Admiral of Spain, Juan y Bobadilla Anteguera declared.
"... All the ships in the Sulu Archipelago browsed by Muslims to be destroyed and its crew and passengers were sent as laborers to perform public works in the northern Philippines. If the ship is well armed as the crew will be as a pirate and can be brought to court-martial. Furthermore, all vessels owned by Muslims, although not directly controlled by the Muslims will be destroyed by Spanish warships. The Sulu has no other choice than to defend themselves. "
But the Spanish war with the people of Sulu was broke.
Last Spanish War
Spanish is the official explanation that the war against the people of Sulu from 1867 it was merely to enforce the treaty that was agreed between the Spanish people of Sulu are no longer ignored by the people of Sulu. But their population in Manila believe that the main purpose of war is to curb piracy.
We will describe the final battle with the Spanish people and the Sulu was briefly able to see how the Sultan of Sulu was a strategy to defend the country's Sulu, who loved it.
We will describe the final battle with the Spanish people and the Sulu was briefly able to see how the Sultan of Sulu was a strategy to defend the country's Sulu, who loved it.
Chronology: On February 15, 1876 Spanish army strong departure from Manila to Zamboanga headed by the Governor General Jose Malcampo 10 ships with steam power to 9,000 soldiers, 11 cannon and 11 transport boats. They arrived in Jolo, Sulu on 21 Februari. Spain landed on the morning of 22 February in Patikul, four miles east of Jolo along with many priests and some of the monks (the Jesuits were high hopes for converting the people of Sulu). Sultan Jamalul A'zam @ Ahlam ibn Sultan Mohd Fad’l Pulalun and the datus called for an emergency meeting. Also called the meeting were the commanders and chiefs in the interior (Tausug Buranun), including scholars. Plan to survive and retreat has ordered .Sultan of Sulu Flags was (of course there is the symbol of the flag of the dagger and spear) and the scholars to declare war against Spain “Fisabilillah Jihad” all over the Sulu under the banner of Patikul. The first Battle erupted between Spanish troops but the Interior Sulu hero and heroine. Spain forced to retreat to the chase, but having a lot of deaths due to wear and warm weather forced the Spanish army by the Beaches way. On February 29 Jolo continuously bombarded by the Spanish at the same time advancing units of foot soldiers. Although the cities of Sulu by the strong fortresses, and trenches that have in the end be defeated one by one by Spain.
Sultan Sulu and the great men he retreated to Bud Datu as sultan palace was destroyed, including homes in other royal Maimbung.Spanish started building the fortress in Jolo and Sulu officers changed tactics in the guerrilla war of ambushes workers or small groups of Spanish soldiers. Sulu heroes who does not like guerrilla attacks will begin to act alone as Juramentado (middle of enemy attack and kill as many enemies as possible before self-killed) and many are from ethnic Tausug Juramentado Buranun (was noted that none of the attackers who survived but Juramentado all martyrs).
Sultan began to realign strategies hiding place on the slopes of the mountains of Sulu because he got the news that the Spanish garrison in Jolo that started infected. The Warrior disease-infected Sulu officers began besieging the Spanish garrison which infected the disease and the Sultan of Sulu was first held relations with the European powers before the other, Of Course ( British officers) often visited.Sultan Sulu are still able to collect customs duties on European traders (North Borneo) freely without interference Spain because the Spanish army actually They only have their garrison in Jolo Sulu.
The Sultan intensify the attacked, while Spain will die in Jolo. During The garrison maintain ongoing war was the Sultan of Sulu leased North Borneo to the British North Borneo Company by the lease agreement was signed on January 22, 1878 the Sultan of Sulu to Gustavus Baron Von Overbeck.
Finally Sultan of Sulu and Spain signed a peace treaty in July 1878 after Sulu Protocol was signed on March 11, 1877 by three of the Spanish, British and Germans. Sultan still trade in the port of Parang Maimbung and other ports in North Borneo. Sultan Jamalul A'zam thank William Hood Treacher who came to him for a copy of Sulu Protocol (Spanish, British and German) on August 15, 1877 because of officers of the British trading with the Sulu (in war).
Sultan Jamalul A'zam also admitted that he had to admit defeat to a more powerful army in the war and he told as he wish will oppose it out of the country's enforcement of the rule of Spain even though he himself was forced to retreat from one place to another until he reached the territory Borneo.
Around North Borneo Leasing
Around North Borneo Leasing
On January 22, 1878, Baron Gustavus von Overbeck came with William Wood Treacher (Colonial Secretary in charge of the island) was a witness over the lease of North Borneo from Sultan Jamalul A'zam @ Alam. But the official was leased to North Borneo British Company for any reason by the Sultan of Sulu .
Sultan Jamalul A'zam has told the Governor General of Spain, Domingo Moriones of six months after he signed a lease contract with the North Borneo Overbeck is due to two reasons.
1. He was really desperate to attack Spain and reinforced by a statement from Baron Overbeck that the Spanish governor general was on his way to destroy any property of Sulu ..
2. Baron also said that the Sultan of Brunei and his followers were willing to take the course of Sandakan is not able to stop it (the focus of war heroes are in Jolo Sulu against Spain at the time).
Sultan of Sulu was also stated in his report that the title Datu Sandakan Treasurer and the King himself was inspired by the Baron whose credentials have been well prepared him to be signed by the sultan. The sultan's statement if expression is true then it is a feeling that he was forced to sign the contract. Of course Baron has made worst by such a false story when the sultan himself under pressure because of Jolo (the capital) has fallen into the hands of Spain (to build the garrison there). Another thing that articulated by the Sultan to Moriones Domingo is the payment of money which was given to him by the Baron is the rent money.
On June 26, 1878 that after twelve days to explain to Domingo, the Sultan of Sulu was angry (perhaps received a report from the Tausug Datus in Sandakan) and lodged a complaint with Treacher and Baron Overbeck stated that position as Raja of the datu, and he is a people's government and only subordinate officers.
"... We have appointed Baron Overbeck as Treasurer with his request even though he is the white race. And with this, he claimed himself as one of the my people. Now that I am was surprised, he claimed the other hand that the Sulu people, and he has out from my flag. This is not mentioned in the agreement that he should fly the flag for himself and throw me.
His Majesty the Sultan also stressed the Treacher that he never sold the land to anyone (to sell the land is taboo because of the action to sell the land is condemned by the Sultans of Sulu since antiquity as the other in the Sulu Royal Tartib). Furthermore, he says that there is a difference between working the land with the understanding to sell it. Last but not the wrath of the Sultan of Sulu is the Treacher is a form of intimidation language.
"If something happens to people in the UK at the Sandakan (Baron Overbeck) was to be responsible."
It should be mentioned here that the customs people, especially the Tausug of Sulu is giving attention to such threats because it involves the honor. A Tausug who make threats if he did not do as his squeeze that he could be considered "a coward" and a shame he probably will do well despite themselves killed, while a Tausug if the threat was received is a "coward" and a shame if the only silence themselves with the threat then of course he is also against the threat that even though the original had to sacrifice himself to maintain his reputation ..
The words of the Sultan of Sulu in the form of threats that have been answered by the British Consul General.
"Since the king still claimed the local government Sandakan, and flying the flag of the king, and my lord the king has appointed a representative over there, all British citizens who live there under the patronage of compassionate king."
Sultan Jamalul A'zam has told the Governor General of Spain, Domingo Moriones of six months after he signed a lease contract with the North Borneo Overbeck is due to two reasons.
1. He was really desperate to attack Spain and reinforced by a statement from Baron Overbeck that the Spanish governor general was on his way to destroy any property of Sulu ..
2. Baron also said that the Sultan of Brunei and his followers were willing to take the course of Sandakan is not able to stop it (the focus of war heroes are in Jolo Sulu against Spain at the time).
Sultan of Sulu was also stated in his report that the title Datu Sandakan Treasurer and the King himself was inspired by the Baron whose credentials have been well prepared him to be signed by the sultan. The sultan's statement if expression is true then it is a feeling that he was forced to sign the contract. Of course Baron has made worst by such a false story when the sultan himself under pressure because of Jolo (the capital) has fallen into the hands of Spain (to build the garrison there). Another thing that articulated by the Sultan to Moriones Domingo is the payment of money which was given to him by the Baron is the rent money.
On June 26, 1878 that after twelve days to explain to Domingo, the Sultan of Sulu was angry (perhaps received a report from the Tausug Datus in Sandakan) and lodged a complaint with Treacher and Baron Overbeck stated that position as Raja of the datu, and he is a people's government and only subordinate officers.
"... We have appointed Baron Overbeck as Treasurer with his request even though he is the white race. And with this, he claimed himself as one of the my people. Now that I am was surprised, he claimed the other hand that the Sulu people, and he has out from my flag. This is not mentioned in the agreement that he should fly the flag for himself and throw me.
His Majesty the Sultan also stressed the Treacher that he never sold the land to anyone (to sell the land is taboo because of the action to sell the land is condemned by the Sultans of Sulu since antiquity as the other in the Sulu Royal Tartib). Furthermore, he says that there is a difference between working the land with the understanding to sell it. Last but not the wrath of the Sultan of Sulu is the Treacher is a form of intimidation language.
"If something happens to people in the UK at the Sandakan (Baron Overbeck) was to be responsible."
It should be mentioned here that the customs people, especially the Tausug of Sulu is giving attention to such threats because it involves the honor. A Tausug who make threats if he did not do as his squeeze that he could be considered "a coward" and a shame he probably will do well despite themselves killed, while a Tausug if the threat was received is a "coward" and a shame if the only silence themselves with the threat then of course he is also against the threat that even though the original had to sacrifice himself to maintain his reputation ..
The words of the Sultan of Sulu in the form of threats that have been answered by the British Consul General.
"Since the king still claimed the local government Sandakan, and flying the flag of the king, and my lord the king has appointed a representative over there, all British citizens who live there under the patronage of compassionate king."
It seems that British officials had learned from past experience that when they open the Balambangan placement and fort in 1775, they were attacked by a Sulu Royal Datu up their stronghold in the placement and Balambangan was completely destroyed due to only small things done by a British officer the datu was considered shameful. It is intended Datu Datu Teteng @ Tating, son of Dayang Meria Binti Sultan Badaruddin-I ibn Sultan Salahuddin Karamat @ Pg Bakhtiar son Sultan Wasit Mawallil @Raja Bongsu-I. Datu Teteng not only feared by the British when that they also feared by Spain, based in Zamboanga.
Unlike the use of Spanish military power of Sulu, the British prefer diplomatic way so when they were attacked by Datu Teteng, the British did not respond to the attack despite a big loss because they may know the temperament of the Tausug or not want to turn the situation (they have a larger agenda to the ground in the Sultanate of Sulu, North Borneo).
Leased of North Borneo
It is believed the Sultan of Sulu received North Borneo region earlier than in 1704. Namely, during the reign of Sultan Salahuddin Karamat @ Pangiran Bakhtiar ibni Sultan Mawalil-Wasit @ Raja Bongsu-I @ Pangiran Shahbandar Maharajalela (1649-1680), its listed in the reign of Sultan Sahabuddin ibni- Sultan Salahuddin Karamat (1685-1710), Sultan Sahabuddin has received payment from the customs territory of North Borneo. Breadth of territory in North Borneo Sultan of Sulu is estimated 3 / 4 area of Sabah. Namely, make a line-latitudes of the Gulf continues to Kimanis Sibuku River in Kalimantan (Indonesia). Then the entire region to the north of the Sultan of Sulu Sabah's territory in North Borneo..Areas to the bottom like Labuan, Sipitang & the other is the former Sultan of Brunei's territory purchased by the British from the Sultan of Brunei himself. Sultan of Brunei no longer wanted to demand that its territory has been sold. What is demanded is likely to Brunei "Limbang area" that the estimates were taken by the British illegally. And the issue of Limbang to Brunei's demands, only the Sultan of Sulu our other features which may be a "witness". In the issue of North Borneo territory belongs to the Sultan of Sulu is not be denied, despite the various opinions issued by the ubiquitous party. It should be understood, the Agreement "leased / Rental" territory of North Borneo in 1878 it is among individuals (Mr. & Mr. Barron de Overback. Alferd Dent) and the Sultanate of Sulu..Barron & Alfred Dent has "rental" area of North Borneo from the Sultan of Sulu for the purpose of "trading" under the name of the British North Borneo Company (BNBC). BNBC is a "Company" not a "State". In the agreement, the words of Lease has been in use. So now we understand the concept of something else in the area of lease is to follow something specific by timeline. For example, 40 years, 60 years, 99 years and the maximum is 100 years old. Thus, if the leased of North Borneo territory began in 1878, taxation will end in 1978 (ie even 100 years maximum)..In North Borneo lease agreement, the busy person who had misinterpretation with the words "until the end of time" is translated by the British. The purpose really is no agreement on the next paragraph stated as "For as Long as They (BNBC) choose or desire to use Them Area (North Borneo)". intends, "While the BNBC still willing to use the territory of North Borneo".If they are not willing anymore, the North Borneo region is necessary submitted to "Owner of Land" (Sultan of Sulu)..Also after the paragraph that clearly stated "But the rights and powers hereby leased shall not be transferred to another nation, or a company of another nationality"..It intends treaty rights on the territory of North Borneo and the Sultanate of Sulu BNBC among other features. BNBC actions that concede territory of North Borneo under British Empire defeated in 1946 (Having no desire anymore to the territory of North Borneo) is a violation of "Leased Agreement 1878". In addition to follow the international law based on a concept of "Nemo dat quod non habet", has clearly stated "Not to be giving something to the other party is not right". So, we understand the rights of the Sultan of Sulu, North Borneo was still there. The payment act is "Rental" annual dollar 5,000.00 (now RM5, 000.00 only) is a payment "lease" basis, not "compensation" because the concept of compensation is to make a lump sum or Lum Sum..The actual purpose of the lease agreement will not exceed the limits of required by the parties that provide tax, just as most do not even say "as there are elements of sovereignty" of the lease rights by the British.."The opinion of the British Government at that time showed that the acquisition (undertaking) is purely commercial and personal character without any 'political maneuvering' and that 'the territory handed over to Dent would be administered only by the company under the suzerainty of the Sultan of Borneo (Brunei ) and the Sultan of Sulu, with the annual tributes which have been agreed by them. While the rights of sovereignty still lies in the hands of the Sultan. This fact has been confirmed by British Prime Minister at the time that the declaration in the House of Commons (House of Commons) that the 'supernatural powers obtained by the company include elements of sovereignty, but it is covered by a native speaker suzerainty ". [2].In this case, the solution of the rational need to be taken. We love North Borneo to come under the Malaysia. As an Islamic state, the Sultanate of Sulu only wants defense to its citizens that has long been victimized by the Philippines. This is the justice that we should take account of the peoples of Sulu.
Heir and SuccessorUse of the terms of the word "heir and Successor" (The heirs And successors) is not the word heir or successor (The heirs Or Successors) in the Lease Agreement of North Borneo in 1878 was actually the spirit..This point is raised by Prof.. Dr. Nicholas Tarling's book, "Sulu And Sabah" on page 329, the difficulty of dismantling the surrender of the British North Borneo Territories Hire Payment of the "Heir And Successor" to the Sulu archipelago, as the requirements of the lease agreement after the death of Sultan Jamalul Kiram-II in 1936 ..Nine heirs of the Sultan of Sulu claimed on rental payments of North Borneo, led by Dayang Hjh. Piandao, seven of whom are women. In which the British also acknowledge that in the institutions of the Sulu archipelago, the women can only be regarded as the "heir" but not as a "Successor" to the Sulu archipelago. And 2 were male heir, the Sultan Esmail Kiram-I and- Datu Punjungan Kiram, but also can be regarded as the heir, but not also as a successor to the Sultanate of Sulu. Because the British had been informed that, President Manuel L. Quezon in the Philippines has been declared to Not Recognize [3] (non-recognition) to anyone whatsoever successor to the Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II. (This implies that, none of the Kiram Family descendants in particular, and the descendants of "The First Heir" Sultanate of Sulu in general, which can be recognised as a "successor" to the Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II)..Given the institutional Sultanate of Sulu was not repealed, then it would be no other heirs in the Sultanate of Sulu who are eligible and entitled to succeding the Sultanate of Sulu institutions. So, this is the existence of the family functions to the Sultanate of Sulu, the Second heir, namely, Royal Families Of Maharaja Adinda Aranan. If we refer to the Tartib (Protocol) The Sultanate of Sulu throne should be rotated between the first and second Heir to The Sultanate of Sulu. [4]
It is believed the Sultan of Sulu received North Borneo region earlier than in 1704. Namely, during the reign of Sultan Salahuddin Karamat @ Pangiran Bakhtiar ibni Sultan Mawalil-Wasit @ Raja Bongsu-I @ Pangiran Shahbandar Maharajalela (1649-1680), its listed in the reign of Sultan Sahabuddin ibni- Sultan Salahuddin Karamat (1685-1710), Sultan Sahabuddin has received payment from the customs territory of North Borneo. Breadth of territory in North Borneo Sultan of Sulu is estimated 3 / 4 area of Sabah. Namely, make a line-latitudes of the Gulf continues to Kimanis Sibuku River in Kalimantan (Indonesia). Then the entire region to the north of the Sultan of Sulu Sabah's territory in North Borneo..Areas to the bottom like Labuan, Sipitang & the other is the former Sultan of Brunei's territory purchased by the British from the Sultan of Brunei himself. Sultan of Brunei no longer wanted to demand that its territory has been sold. What is demanded is likely to Brunei "Limbang area" that the estimates were taken by the British illegally. And the issue of Limbang to Brunei's demands, only the Sultan of Sulu our other features which may be a "witness". In the issue of North Borneo territory belongs to the Sultan of Sulu is not be denied, despite the various opinions issued by the ubiquitous party. It should be understood, the Agreement "leased / Rental" territory of North Borneo in 1878 it is among individuals (Mr. & Mr. Barron de Overback. Alferd Dent) and the Sultanate of Sulu..Barron & Alfred Dent has "rental" area of North Borneo from the Sultan of Sulu for the purpose of "trading" under the name of the British North Borneo Company (BNBC). BNBC is a "Company" not a "State". In the agreement, the words of Lease has been in use. So now we understand the concept of something else in the area of lease is to follow something specific by timeline. For example, 40 years, 60 years, 99 years and the maximum is 100 years old. Thus, if the leased of North Borneo territory began in 1878, taxation will end in 1978 (ie even 100 years maximum)..In North Borneo lease agreement, the busy person who had misinterpretation with the words "until the end of time" is translated by the British. The purpose really is no agreement on the next paragraph stated as "For as Long as They (BNBC) choose or desire to use Them Area (North Borneo)". intends, "While the BNBC still willing to use the territory of North Borneo".If they are not willing anymore, the North Borneo region is necessary submitted to "Owner of Land" (Sultan of Sulu)..Also after the paragraph that clearly stated "But the rights and powers hereby leased shall not be transferred to another nation, or a company of another nationality"..It intends treaty rights on the territory of North Borneo and the Sultanate of Sulu BNBC among other features. BNBC actions that concede territory of North Borneo under British Empire defeated in 1946 (Having no desire anymore to the territory of North Borneo) is a violation of "Leased Agreement 1878". In addition to follow the international law based on a concept of "Nemo dat quod non habet", has clearly stated "Not to be giving something to the other party is not right". So, we understand the rights of the Sultan of Sulu, North Borneo was still there. The payment act is "Rental" annual dollar 5,000.00 (now RM5, 000.00 only) is a payment "lease" basis, not "compensation" because the concept of compensation is to make a lump sum or Lum Sum..The actual purpose of the lease agreement will not exceed the limits of required by the parties that provide tax, just as most do not even say "as there are elements of sovereignty" of the lease rights by the British.."The opinion of the British Government at that time showed that the acquisition (undertaking) is purely commercial and personal character without any 'political maneuvering' and that 'the territory handed over to Dent would be administered only by the company under the suzerainty of the Sultan of Borneo (Brunei ) and the Sultan of Sulu, with the annual tributes which have been agreed by them. While the rights of sovereignty still lies in the hands of the Sultan. This fact has been confirmed by British Prime Minister at the time that the declaration in the House of Commons (House of Commons) that the 'supernatural powers obtained by the company include elements of sovereignty, but it is covered by a native speaker suzerainty ". [2].In this case, the solution of the rational need to be taken. We love North Borneo to come under the Malaysia. As an Islamic state, the Sultanate of Sulu only wants defense to its citizens that has long been victimized by the Philippines. This is the justice that we should take account of the peoples of Sulu.
Heir and SuccessorUse of the terms of the word "heir and Successor" (The heirs And successors) is not the word heir or successor (The heirs Or Successors) in the Lease Agreement of North Borneo in 1878 was actually the spirit..This point is raised by Prof.. Dr. Nicholas Tarling's book, "Sulu And Sabah" on page 329, the difficulty of dismantling the surrender of the British North Borneo Territories Hire Payment of the "Heir And Successor" to the Sulu archipelago, as the requirements of the lease agreement after the death of Sultan Jamalul Kiram-II in 1936 ..Nine heirs of the Sultan of Sulu claimed on rental payments of North Borneo, led by Dayang Hjh. Piandao, seven of whom are women. In which the British also acknowledge that in the institutions of the Sulu archipelago, the women can only be regarded as the "heir" but not as a "Successor" to the Sulu archipelago. And 2 were male heir, the Sultan Esmail Kiram-I and- Datu Punjungan Kiram, but also can be regarded as the heir, but not also as a successor to the Sultanate of Sulu. Because the British had been informed that, President Manuel L. Quezon in the Philippines has been declared to Not Recognize [3] (non-recognition) to anyone whatsoever successor to the Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II. (This implies that, none of the Kiram Family descendants in particular, and the descendants of "The First Heir" Sultanate of Sulu in general, which can be recognised as a "successor" to the Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II)..Given the institutional Sultanate of Sulu was not repealed, then it would be no other heirs in the Sultanate of Sulu who are eligible and entitled to succeding the Sultanate of Sulu institutions. So, this is the existence of the family functions to the Sultanate of Sulu, the Second heir, namely, Royal Families Of Maharaja Adinda Aranan. If we refer to the Tartib (Protocol) The Sultanate of Sulu throne should be rotated between the first and second Heir to The Sultanate of Sulu. [4]
(refer the link for more information about the tartib and protocol :
http://www.page-royalaranan.net.tc/2011/12/tartib-and-protocol.html)
.Thus, placing the Second heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) to the right to claim the lease payment is received North Borneo, then, of course, have met the requirements of the lease agreement in which, have been identified that, Second Heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) is also a one- and heir to the Absolute as the right heir to the Sulu archipelago in the Sultanate of Sulu..Unfortunately at that time (1936 - 1939), none of the Second heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) that appears to make a claim. With the pressure to push the "9 heirs" who claim the right of lease of North Borneo is, finally compelled the Court in Borneo (Judge CFC Makaskie) makes recognition of the "nine heirs of kiram" as entitled to annual payments of the lease of North Borneo..Even so, the royal family "Second Heir" (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) are still entitled to all rights in the Sultanate of Sulu (if demanded).The 9 heirs of the sultanate of Sulu had only successfully claimed the right of lease payments over North Borneo, but to claims on the Rights of Sovereignty Sultanate of Sulu province is in the hands of the Second Heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) only..Translation into English regarding the North Borneo Territories Lease Agreement 1878,has published by Mr.. Teodoro A. Agoncillo, in his book "History of the Filipino People" on page 266. Where, in the translation of the agreement, the words heir and successor (The heirs And Successors) has been used 4 times. This reinforces the fact that the use of the terms of the words heir and successor in the lease agreement certainly has the spirit.
GROUNDS
.Thus, placing the Second heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) to the right to claim the lease payment is received North Borneo, then, of course, have met the requirements of the lease agreement in which, have been identified that, Second Heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) is also a one- and heir to the Absolute as the right heir to the Sulu archipelago in the Sultanate of Sulu..Unfortunately at that time (1936 - 1939), none of the Second heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) that appears to make a claim. With the pressure to push the "9 heirs" who claim the right of lease of North Borneo is, finally compelled the Court in Borneo (Judge CFC Makaskie) makes recognition of the "nine heirs of kiram" as entitled to annual payments of the lease of North Borneo..Even so, the royal family "Second Heir" (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) are still entitled to all rights in the Sultanate of Sulu (if demanded).The 9 heirs of the sultanate of Sulu had only successfully claimed the right of lease payments over North Borneo, but to claims on the Rights of Sovereignty Sultanate of Sulu province is in the hands of the Second Heir (Maharaja Adinda Aranan) only..Translation into English regarding the North Borneo Territories Lease Agreement 1878,has published by Mr.. Teodoro A. Agoncillo, in his book "History of the Filipino People" on page 266. Where, in the translation of the agreement, the words heir and successor (The heirs And Successors) has been used 4 times. This reinforces the fact that the use of the terms of the words heir and successor in the lease agreement certainly has the spirit.
GROUNDS
First: The Sultan Jamalul A'zam @ Alam understand and acknowledge that the SultanateSulu practice rotation system between the two heirs of the Sulu archipelago, as specified in the Protocol System or Tartib Sultanate of Sulu. (refer the link for more information about the tartib and protocol : http://royalaranan.blogspot.com/p/tartib-and-protocol.html)
Second: His Majesty Jamalul A'zam @ Alam also understand, that in the future, there will be heir to the Sultanate of Sulu so many of both heir and those who want to be a successor to The Sultanate of Sulu. So to avoid disputes over the right to claim the Sulu archipelago in the territory of North Borneo, the terms of the words heir and successor have been applied, and not use the term word heir or successor. The use of the word heir and successor in the Lease Agreement will be restricted the claims to rights in North Borneo by the heir or the successor to the Sultanate of Sulu in the future. Because, only those who are qualified as heir and at the same time can be a successor to the Sulu Sultanate Protocol System or Tartib by the Sulu archipelago. [5] Clearly a declaration of no further recognition to the Sultanate of Sulu Family First Heir by President Manuel L. Quezon in the Memorandum of 20th September 1937, have reinforced the fact that the First Heir Rights on the Sultanate of Sulu was not recognised anymore, so that they could no longer act as a successor to the Sultanate of Sulu. Rights as heir to the Sulu archipelago and successor are located only in the hands of the family of Maharaja Adinda Aranan as a Second heir to the Sultanate of Sulu had not been repealed.
Third: Or even the possibility, Sultan Jamalul A'zam @ Alam certainly wanted the second heir to the family, the descendants of Maharaja Adinda Sultan Mohammad Aranan / Adanan Puyo to be entitled to claim on the leased territory of North Borneo, as a sign repay , for the above reasons the influence and assistance of Maharaja Adinda Sultan Mohammad Aranan / Adanan Puyo eventually occupy the throne of his Sultanate of Sulu in 1862, although he was matched by the Datu Daniel (Datu Amir Bahar)..Thus, the use of word of Heir and Successor in the North Borneo Territories Lease Agreement - 1878 contains the spirit of course, that never occurred to anyone before.
Footnotes:
[1] The term "delivery" itself means submission not absolute, but is "Trust", see the House Dictionary (Fourth Edition), p. 1463 says "Delivery of the act to submit (trust, entrust, etc.): Example sentences" China's defeat was followed by the surrender of Hong Kong to the British ". Whereas the public aware of the British government finally hand over Hong Kong to China.[2] Philippines on Sabah Claim: Implications of the Triangle History, Law and Politics - by Dato’ Mohd Ariff Bin 'Hj Othman, p.40-41 (DBP Issue: 1988).[3] Ibid, M.S. 81.[4] Muslims in the Philippines, Prof. Cesar Adib Majul, M.S.493-494 (translated by Shamsuddin Jaapar, DBP: 1988).Prof. Cesar has been explained in a simple but easy to understand on the royal throne of Sulu Tartib rotation with three heritage (Kiram, Shakiraullah and Aranan by using letters A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1).[5] Ibid, M.S. xvii, explaining Scripture Tartib (Protocol) which guides the Sulu Royal Sultanate of Sulu (Sangkula Datu Amir Husain from Bukittinggi has Tartib Royal Sulu and has already made it to the Professor. Cesar, also refer to page 552, Bibliography of choice, it is stated that Haji Buto has Tartib book as well). Puyo eventually he can occupy the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu in 1862, although he was matched by the Datu Daniel (Datu Amir Bahar).
[1] The term "delivery" itself means submission not absolute, but is "Trust", see the House Dictionary (Fourth Edition), p. 1463 says "Delivery of the act to submit (trust, entrust, etc.): Example sentences" China's defeat was followed by the surrender of Hong Kong to the British ". Whereas the public aware of the British government finally hand over Hong Kong to China.[2] Philippines on Sabah Claim: Implications of the Triangle History, Law and Politics - by Dato’ Mohd Ariff Bin 'Hj Othman, p.40-41 (DBP Issue: 1988).[3] Ibid, M.S. 81.[4] Muslims in the Philippines, Prof. Cesar Adib Majul, M.S.493-494 (translated by Shamsuddin Jaapar, DBP: 1988).Prof. Cesar has been explained in a simple but easy to understand on the royal throne of Sulu Tartib rotation with three heritage (Kiram, Shakiraullah and Aranan by using letters A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1).[5] Ibid, M.S. xvii, explaining Scripture Tartib (Protocol) which guides the Sulu Royal Sultanate of Sulu (Sangkula Datu Amir Husain from Bukittinggi has Tartib Royal Sulu and has already made it to the Professor. Cesar, also refer to page 552, Bibliography of choice, it is stated that Haji Buto has Tartib book as well). Puyo eventually he can occupy the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu in 1862, although he was matched by the Datu Daniel (Datu Amir Bahar).
